The Potential Influence of Immune Modulatory Molecules (TGF-βIII and CTLA-4) in Pathogenicity of PCOS

Mustafa Riyadh Abdullah, Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Hazima Mossa Alabassi, Departmant of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.Follow

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and immunological dysregulation. Immune homeostasis and inflammation management require immune functions. T-regulatory cells (Tregs) regulate PCOS's immune system, inflammation, insulin resistance, ovarian function, and homeostasis. Transforming growth factor βIII (TGF-βIII) and Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated-protein-4 (CTLA-4) receptors on the surfaces of Treg cells are important for controlling the immune system. The study included 68 PCOS patients and 22 non-PCOS women controls aged 20–45. The waist-hip ratio (WHR) determines obesity. We evaluated serum levels and gene expression of TGF-βIII and CTLA-4 via ELISA and real-time PCR. Women with PCOS had significantly higher TGF-βIII and CTLA-4 levels compared to controls. The study reveals a considerable increase in TGF-βIII and CTLA-4 gene expression in PCOS patients compared to the control. Compared to controls, PCOS aged < and > 25 had higher serum TGF-III and CTLA-4 concentrations. According to the RT-PCR test, the PCOS (> 25) had much higher amounts of TGF-βIII and CTLA-4 gene expression than the control. TGF-βIII and CTLA-4 also increased WHR at < and > 0.8 compared to the control. The RT-PCR results showed that the obese PCOS had much higher levels of TGF-βIII and CTLA-4 gene expression (>0.8) than the control. Based on clinical signs, serum TGF-βIII levels and folding were significantly higher in women with PCOS who had irregular periods compared to women whose cycles were normal. These data indicate a role for TGF-βIII and CTLA-4 in PCOS etiology. This study suggests targeting TGF-βIII and CTLA-4 for PCOS immunotherapy.

Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, inflammation, T regulatory cell, Transforming growth factor β, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4.

Recommended Citation

Abdullah, Mustafa Riyadh and Alabassi, Hazima Mossa (2024) "The Potential Influence of Immune Modulatory Molecules (TGF-βIII and CTLA-4) in Pathogenicity of PCOS," Karbala International Journal of Modern Science: Vol. 10 : Iss. 3 , Article 2.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609X.3361