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Abstract

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is rich in phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, but the extraction method may influence its chemical composition and biological activity. This study compared hot-water infusion, ethanolic maceration, and maltodextrin-assisted drying. It aimed to examine the relationship between the extraction method, chemical profile, and bioactivity. The resulting extracts (EI, EM, and EP) were analyzed for total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin, LC-HRMS profiles, and antioxidant capacity by the FRAP assay. Antibacterial analysis was conducted against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) using agar well diffusion. Cytotoxicity tests (MTT, 24 h) were performed against HT-29, 4T1, T47D, and Vero cells. TAC showed significant differences among the extracts, while TPC, TFC, and FRAP did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). In addition, no antibacterial activity was detected in any extract at approximately 200 µg/well. Based on IC50 results, EI showed the greatest potency against HT-29 cells (79.9 ± 1.38 µg mL-1), EM against 4T1 cells (183.9 ± 50.7 µg mL-1), and EP against T47D cells (356.9 ± 32.5 µg mL-1). Selectivity index values above 2 were found for EM and EI against HT-29 cells, for all extracts against 4T1 cells, and for EI and EP against T47D cells. LC-HRMS analysis revealed clear differences in the chemical profiles among the extracts. EI was predominantly characterized by ΣCQA/rutin, whereas EM and EP were enriched in organic acids. This pattern was consistent with the FRAP results and the observed IC50 and selectivity index values.

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Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

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